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The origin of the bulla seal is a matter of some debate, but it is generally thought to have originated in the ancient Near East. The earliest known bullae date from the 8th millennium BC, and they were made of clay. These early bullae were used to seal documents and containers, and they often bore the impression of a seal ring. In the 4th millennium BC, bullae began to be made of lead. This was because lead was more durable than clay, and it could be easily melted and reused. Lead bullae were often used by the royal courts of the ancient Near East, and they were used to seal official documents. The use of bullae spread to the Mediterranean world in the 1st millennium BC. In the Roman Empire, bullae were used by both the government and private individuals. They were used to seal documents, contracts, and letters. Bullae were also used to decorate clothing and jewelry. The use of bullae declined in the Middle Ages, but they continued to be used by the Catholic Church. The Pope used a bu...

Nick Clegg from the company Meta was discussing about his company's vision of the Metaverse in the global technology conference arranged by Carnegie India in New Delhi today.  After listening to his pitch for promotion of Metaverse, he was seen advocating for governments to come up with rules and regulations for the citizen of Metaverse.  Consider this. If you are playing a three dimensional role playing multiplayer game. The game is real for you as long as you play it. It ceases to exist for you as soon as you log off the game. If you want to do real life transactions like buying or ordering an item online while you are in your online Avatar, you would receive that item delivered to your place as you would get it on Amazon or Flipkart  The problem with Metaverse, the way it is being promoted seems as if it has a life of its own. It assumes that real life is separate from the activities you perform on internet posing as your 3D Avatar. Mark Zuckerberg is promo...

I don't find a correct synonym for the Hindi saying "ret ka mahal". A closer word will be "House of cards". The way I look at it, our society is willfully turning into a house of cards. I am referring to the Indian society.  Traditionally Indian society opted for strong base. It always chose a firm and reliable structure and methods than temperory and shortcut methods. That is how the indian society grew through millennia alongwith the wisdom imparted by its wise from generation to generation. In Vedic period and later social conditions were always opted to be as stable as possible, giving a certain sense of stability to the mind and peace for the social economic activities. In these relatively stable climate, people could pass through the life experiences with minimum turbulence and also find time and strength to understand higher values of life and alongwith strive for spiritual liberation.  The spiritual journey of seekers could continue from gene...

The current regime of Patents and licences is highly deterrent for new entrants. If you consider the entire humanity as an organic unit then all the economical policies should be created in such a way that benefits to all the humanity. It needs a certain kind of elevated intelligence or enlightenment to understand this concept. The effects of allowing patents can be seen in the example of AC Vs DC wars in the US in 1880-90. It started with Edisons discovery of electric bulbs, and then several inventions he made. We all know that. But the sinister part of this seemingly altruistic scientific landscape was the patenting part. We allowed the inventor to decide on the use of the invention in a way he deemed it fit. We see that in the conflict between Edison and Tesla promoting their own patented electricity distribution mechanisms in the US. In my opinion, giving an inventor exclusive rights to decide how his invention should be used by the rest of the mankind is inefficient an...

The Russia Ukraine war is raging from 210 days today with no end of it in sight. The greatest war in India, the Mahabharata, it is said that lasted for 18 days. It is said that Mahabharata war left such a deep impact in the Indian mind that after 2 and a half thousand after Mahabharata, when Mahavira and Buddha appeared on the Indian scene, the entire Indian subcontinent suerged itself in the teachings of Meditation and non violence.  We learned our lessons. And we don't forget it. The epic book Mahabharata still works as an inspiration for thinkers and scholars of every generation where they reinterpret Mahabharata events to get a deeper understanding of the events happening in the present generation.  It is said that there is nothing in the world that Mahabharata does not have an answer for. Let us see. What would be the resolution for the Russia Ukraine war in Mahabharata. Lack of enlightened mediators like Krishna.  When you have a group of people in your ...

The drawbacks of living under a feudal society. Common people in no other civilization have been subjugated the way they have been in China. This enforced subjugation for millennia under the state authorities have created a society of pliable masses, that can't even speak out their minds openly for the fear of reprisal from the state. The rulers may find these amenable masses easy to handle but it hinders the natural growth of a society. The masses grow like neat and clean bonsai plants whose roots are routinely cut to keep them from out growing the pots they are planted in. This produces miniatures of the plants. I see the Chinese society as a bonsai of people with stunted psychological growth, emotion capabilities and spiritual abilities.  It is a sorry state for human beings to be in. Almost like animals on a farm compared to animals in the wild. This is not the handiwork of just the communist regime. But even before communism was introduced in China, the people were...

It is a question that will keep appearing every time you need to buy a pen drive. As time changes, the  capacity of the pen drives keep increasing and the cost starts decreasing. So it depends on the cost per GB of data storage. At present you should be able to find pen drives from 4 GB upwards to 128 GB in the market as well as online. At this time, it is not a wise decision to buy anything below 32 GB. It will not make much of a saving if you try to buy pen drives below 32 GB. So 32 GB is the current thing today. It gives you the maximum returns on your investment. If you go above 32 GB, the cost increases. A 64 GB pen drive will cost you almost the double of that of a 32 GB drive. So if your data storage needs are fulfilled in a 32 GB drive, then go for it. You have several options in the pen drive. If you just want to do data transfer on your computer, then you can have a pen drive with a USB 2 interface which will cost you a little less. If your computer can handle hig...